International standard
Our core alphabet follows International Morse Code as documented by the International Telecommunication Union. American Morse is treated as a separate historical system.
Conversion logic
Supported letters, numbers, and punctuation are mapped deterministically. Character and word spaces are preserved, and unsupported characters are never silently invented.
Audio generation
A dot lasts one unit and a dash three. Intra-character silence is one unit, letter spacing three, and word spacing seven. WPM controls duration; frequency changes pitch, not meaning.
Image recognition approach
Image processing evaluates readability and contrast, extracts visible dot-and-dash sequences, then applies the canonical mapping. Confidence is shown because screenshots, photos, and handwriting have different uncertainty.
Audio signal interpretation
Audio analysis separates tone from silence and estimates a base timing unit. Noise, clipping, inconsistent keying, and speech can reduce confidence, so uncertain output is identified rather than presented as fact.
Editorial review
Reference templates are checked against the same canonical mapping. Historical claims and standards are reviewed against primary institutional sources, and material changes are applied across the shared system.